Resp+Histo+lecture+2022.pdf

LECTURE NOTES:

1. Describe the histology vestibules of the nasal cavity

   • keratinised squamous epithelium
   • course hairs to filter particles
   • sebaceous and sweat glands

   Function: trap particles and bugs

1. Describe the respiratory region histology of the nasal cavity

   • respiratory epithelium - pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. Mucous producing goblet cells
   • lamina propria - mucous and serous glands, cavernous bodies

   Function:

   warm the air - vascular supply

   moisture - mucous and serous glands

   filter - mucous traps and cilia

   Mucous production speeds up following exposure to dust, noxious vapors, pathogens e.g. rhinovirus (common cold)

Describe the histology of the olfactory region of the nasal cavity

• cilia from bipolar neurons embedded in the epithelium; olfactory receptor cells
• cilia lacks motility - acts as a receptor
• basal cells - stem cells
• olfactory glands, Bowman’s, produce mucous
• supporting cells - numerous with microvilli

Describe the histology of the pharynx

Nasopharynx:

Respiratory epithelium (mucosa) + lamina propria Function: Movement of air only

Oropharynx:

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Function: Movement of air and food

Laryngopharynx:

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Function: Movement of air and food

Lymphocytes frequently accumulate beneath the epithelium of the pharynx (tonsils).

Describe the histology of the larynx (lower both start with L so from layrnx)

• connects pharynx and trachea

• vocal folds of larynx control airflow and allow the production of sound

• cartilage, ligaments, and muscle

  

to lung upwards

to mouth downwards (left picture is upside down)

epiglottis - elastic cartilage

• lingual / pharyngeal surface - stratified squamous epithelium
• laryngeal surface - pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (respiratory epithelium) why?

Describe the histology of the trachea (make card)

• windpipe
• Fairly short tube (10-12 cm) with a diameter of ~2cm
• C-shaped cartilage rings keeps the airway open
• Trachealis muscle –function? changes the size of lumen, recoil(?), slow air down